![]() c) Molecular Dynamics simulation of Maxwell stresses pulling copper asperities apart, which would trigger the arc insepov. ![]() b) Determining the surface field from the exponent I ∼ E n, for a work function of 4 eV. Figure 1: a) Measurements of dark currents from a 1.3 GHz accelerator cavity showing comparisons with Fowler-Nordheim theory, with enhancement factors and emitter area factors PR1. σ = ϵ 0 E 2 / 2 ( ϵ 0 being the permittivity of free space) from the electric field is comparable to the tensile strength of the material, and the material is subject to fatigue failure due to the rf oscillations. At this field the electric tensile stress. ![]() When the Fowler-Nordheim currents are plotted in this way we find that this behavior is characteristic of field emission from a surface at a field of ∼10 GV/m. Our work measuring dark currents and x rays from rf cavities showed that rf structures operate in a mode where the dark currents I depend on the surface electric field E like I ∼ E 13 − E 14 independent of state of conditioning, frequency or stored energy.
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